Ernest
Rutherford proposed a model of the atom in which a very small,
dense and positively charged nucleus of protons (the neutron had not
yet been discovered) was surrounded by orbiting, negatively charged
electrons (the Rutherford model).
19th February - The
Gallipoli Campaign began, also known as the Battle of
Gallipoli or the Dardanelles Campaign was an unsuccessful attempt by
the Allied Powers to control the sea route from Europe to Russia.
3rd July - After exploding
a bomb in US Senate reception room the previous day, Erich
Muenter, a German instructor at Cornell University, shot J.P.
Morgan for representing the British government in war contract
negotiations
25th September - The
Battle of Loos started, it lasted until 14th October. Chlorine
gas deployed by the British was blown back into their own trenches
causing 59,000 British & 26,000 German casualties.
11th October - Despite
international protest, Edith
Cavell, an English nurse in Belgium, was executed by the
Germans on charges of aiding the escape of Allied prisoners
7th December - The British
government authorized the evacuation from Gallipoli;
the last troops left Helles on 9th January, 1916. In all, some
480,000 Allied forces took part in the Gallipoli Campaign, at a cost
of more than 250,000 casualties, including some 46,000 dead. On the
Turkish side, the campaign also cost an estimated 250,000
casualties, with 65,000 killed.
21st February - The Battle
of Verdun began with a German offensive, leading to an
estimated 1 million casualties and became the longest battle of the
entire war (9 months).
6th December - David
Lloyd George (Liberal) became British Prime Minister.
1917
16th January - The "Zimmermann
Telegram" was sent from Germany to Mexico, stating that in the
event of the US entering World War I on the allied side, Mexico
would be given Texas, Arizona and New Mexico. Intercepted by British
intelligence and partially deciphered by the next day. It's release
in March shifted US public opinion in favor of war against Germany.
3rd March - Germany and
Austria forced Soviet Russia to sign the Peace
of Brest, which called for the establishment of five
independent countries - Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and
Ukraine. The
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, which ended Russian participation in
World War I, was annulled by the November 1918 armistice. The treaty
deprived the Soviets of White Russia.
18th October - Czechs
seized Prague, renounced Hapsburg's rule and declared independence
from the Austro-Hungarian Empire.Tomáš
Masaryk proclaimed the foundation of Czechoslovakia
from Pittsburgh, Pa.
